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The navy also provided insight into the preparations required to enable a submarine – particularly an SSK – to conduct such adeployment. Preparations included capability augmentations, mission planning, and logistics. The Portuguese Navy’s Type 209PN Tridente-class SSK NRP Arpão conducted a 70-day deployment from home to the Arctic. Under OperationContinue Reading

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In recent weeks, the international community has witnessed two seemingly unrelated events that, upon closer examination, reveal a complex interplay of geopolitics and ocean governance. On one side, there have been discussions within Russia about potentially withdrawing from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), andContinue Reading

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The Arctic is rapidly emerging as one of the most geopolitically significant regions in the 21st century. Climate Change and the melting of the ice floes in the Arctic Ocean have presented new opportunities, which has generated the issue of managing the polar region among the major international powers. TheContinue Reading

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Greenpeace on Friday warned Norway that its plans to open up its Arctic seabed to mining would cause “irreversible” damage to the entire marine ecosystem. The Scandinavian country is expected to award the first exploration licences in 2025, and could become one of the first nations in the world toContinue Reading